volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents non-coil sources to improve the wireless power transfer efficiency for implantable device used in various medical applications --- cardiovascular devices, endoscope in the small intestine, and neurostimulator in the brain. For each application, a bound on the power transfer efficiency and the optimal source achieving such bound are analytically solved. The results reveal that depending on the depth of the implantable devices, power can be transferred to a sub-millimeter scaled receiver with the efficiency ranging from -57 dB to -33 dB, which is up to 6.6 times higher than the performance of existing coil-based source systems. The technique introduced in this paper can be broadly applied to other medical applications.

1. RamRakhyani, A., S. Mirabbasi, and M. Chiao, "Design and optimization of resonance-based efficient wireless power delivery systems for biomedical implants," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst., Vol. 5, 48-63, Feb. 2011.
doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2010.2072782 Google Scholar

2. Heetderks, W. J., "RF powering of millimeter- and submillimeter-sized neural prosthertic implants," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., Vol. 35, 323-327, May 1988.
doi:10.1109/10.1388 Google Scholar

3. Donaldson, N. N. and T. Perkins, "Analysis of resonant coupled coils in the design of radio frequency transcutaneous links," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., Vol. 21, 612-627, Sep. 1983.
doi:10.1007/BF02442388 Google Scholar

4. Chen, C.-J., T.-H. Chu, C.-L. Lin, and J.-C. Jou, "A study of loosely coupled coils for wireless power transfer," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. — II: Express Briefs, Vol. 57, 536-540, Jul. 2010.
doi:10.1109/TCSII.2010.2048403 Google Scholar

5. Ho, J. S., S. Kim, and A. S. Y. Poon, "Midfield wireless powering for implantable systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 101, No. 6, 1369-1378, 2013.
doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2251851 Google Scholar

6. Poon, A. S. Y., S. O’Driscoll, and T. H. Meng, "Optimal frequency for wireless power transmission into dispersive tissue," IEEE Trans. Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 58, 1739-1750, May 2010.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2010.2044310 Google Scholar

7. Kim, S., J. S. Ho, and A. S. Y. Poon, "Wireless power transfer to miniature implants: Transmitter optimization," IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 60, No. 10, 2012. Google Scholar

8. Kim, S., J. S. Ho, and A. S. Y. Poon, "Midfield wireless powering of subwavelength autonomous devices," Physical Review Letters, Vol. 110, 1-5, May 2013. Google Scholar

9. Ho, J. S., A. J. Yeh, E. Neofytou, S. Kim, Y. Tanabe, B. Patlolla, R. E. Beygui, and A. S. Y. Poon, "Wireless power transfer to deep-tissue microimplants," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 22, 7974-7979, 2014.
doi:10.1073/pnas.1403002111 Google Scholar

10. EBR System Inc., , Implantable systems for wireless heart stimulation, www.ebrsystemsinc.com, 2011.

11. Lenaerts, B. and R. Puers, "An inductive power link for a wireless endoscope," Biosnes. Bioelectron., Vol. 22, 1390-1395, 2007.
doi:10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.015 Google Scholar

12. Biederman, W., D. J. Yeager, N. Narevsky, A. C. Koralek, J. M. Carmena, E. Alon, and J. M. Rabaey, "A fully-integrated, miniaturized (0.125mm²) 10.5 μw wireless neural sensor," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 48, No. 4, 960-970, 2013.
doi:10.1109/JSSC.2013.2238994 Google Scholar

13. Harrington, R. F., Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Fields, IEEE Press, 2001.
doi:10.1109/9780470546710

14. Ko, W. H., S. P. Liang, and C. D. F. Fun, "Design of radio-frequency powered coils for implant instruments," Med. Biol. Eng. Comput., Vol. 15, 634-640, Feb. 1977.
doi:10.1007/BF02457921 Google Scholar

15. Strang, G., Linear Algebra and Its Application, 3rd Ed., Saunders College Publishing, 1988.

16. O’Driscoll, S., A. S. Y. Poon, and T. H. Meng, "A mm-sized implantable power receiver with adaptive link compensation," Proc. IEEE Intl. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), Feb. 2009. Google Scholar

17. Yakovlev, A., D. Pivonka, T. H. Meng, and A. S. Y. Poon, "A mm-sized wirelessly powered and remotely controlled locomotive implantable device," Proc. IEEE Intl. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), Feb. 2012. Google Scholar

18. We solve Maxwell’s equations for all physical sources using the method-of-moments (Mentor Graphics, IE3D).

19. Chew, W. C., Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media, IEEE Press, 1995.

Professor Sanghoek Kim

Dr. John S. Ho

Dr. Ada S. Y. Poon