1. Wilson, C. T. R., "Some thundercloud problems," J. Franklin Inst., Vol. 208, 1916. Google Scholar
2. Watson, R. A. and J. Craib, "The electric field of South African thunderstorms," Proc. R. Soc., Ser. A, Vol. 114, 229-243, 1920. Google Scholar
3. Appleton, E. V., R. A. Watson-Watt, and J. F. Herd, "On the nature of the atmosphere," Proc. Roy. Soc., Vol. A 111, 654, 1926. Google Scholar
4. Israel, H., Atmospheric Electricity, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Vol. 2, Jerusalem, 1973.
5. Holzworth, R. H. and Y. T. Chiu, "Spherics in the stratosphere," CRC Handbook of Atmospherics, Volume one, H. Volland, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 65, 1982. Google Scholar
6. Uman, M. A., Lightning, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1969.
7. Gish, O. H., "Evaluation and interpolation of the columnar resistance of the atmosphere," Terr. Magn. Atmos. Electr., Vol. 99, 159-168. Google Scholar
8. Golde, R. H., Lighting, Vol. I, Academic Press, 1977.
9. Volland, H., Atmospheric Electrodynamics Chemistry in Space, Vol. II, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1984.
10. Tarnure, Y., "An analysis of the electric field after lightning discharges," Geophys. Res. Pap., Vol. 41, 190-200, 1955. Google Scholar
11. Kasemir, H. W., "The thunderstorm as a generator in the global electric circuit (in German)," Z. Geophys., Vol. 25, 33, 1959. Google Scholar
12. Anderson, F. G. and G. D. Freier, "Interaction of the thunderstorm with a conducting atmosphere," J. Gwphys. Res., Vol. 74, 5390, 1969. Google Scholar
13. Illingworth, A. J., "Electric field recovery after lightning as the response of a conducting atmosphere to a field change," Quart. J. Roy. Metwml. Soc., Vol. 98, 604, 1972. Google Scholar
14. Park, C. G. and M. Dejnakarintra, "Penetration of thundercloud electric fields into the ionosphere and magnetosphere 1, Middle and subauroral latitudes," J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 78, 6623-6633, 1973. Google Scholar
15. Greifinger, C and P. Greifinger, "Transient ULF electric and magnetic fields following a lightning discharge," J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 81, 2237, 1976. Google Scholar
16. Nisbet, J. S., "A dynamic model of thundercloud electric fields," J. Atmos. Sci., Vol. 40, 2855, 1983. Google Scholar
17. Baginski, M. E., L. C. Hale, and J. J. Olivero, "Lightning-related fields in the ionosphere," Geophysical Res. Let., Vol. 15, No. 8, 764-767, August 1988. Google Scholar
18. Hale, L. C. and M. E. Baginski, "Current to the ionosphere following a lightning stroke," Nature, Vol. 329, No. 6142, 814-816, Oct. 29, 1987. Google Scholar
19. Sunde, E. D., Earth Conduction Eflects in Transmission Systems, Dover, New York, 1968.
20. Baum, C. E., "Simulation of electromagnetic aspects of lightning," Proc. of Lightning Tech., NASA Conf. Pub. 2128, April 1980. Google Scholar
21. Baginski, M. E., "Finite element simulation of the atmosphere's electromagnetic response to charge perturbations associated with lightning,", Ph.D. thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 111, 1987. Google Scholar
22. Stratton, J. A., Electromagnetic Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1941.
23. Holzworth, R. H., M. C. Kelly, C. L. Siefring, L. C. Hale, and J. D. Mitchell, "Electrical measurements in the atmosphere and ionosphere over an active thunderstorm: 2. Electric field and conductivity," J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 90, 9824-9830, 1985. Google Scholar
24. Hale, L. C., "Middle atmosphere electrical structure, dynamics, and coupling," Adv. Space Res., Vol. 4, 175-186, 1984. Google Scholar
25. Markson, R. and L. C. Hale, "Electrical measurements in the atmosphere and ionosphere over an active thunderstorm,", presented at AGU Meeting, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1982. Google Scholar
26. Berkey, G. A. and W. J. Karplus, Hybrid Computation, Volume one, Wiley, 1968.
27. Malan, D, J., "The distribution of electricity in thunderclouds," Proc. R. Soc., Ser. A., Vol. 209, 177, 1958. Google Scholar
28. I.M.S.L. TWODEPEP., 5th Ed., Dallas Texas, 1985.
