volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

In this study, a general method for analyzing the multilayer optical planar waveguides with photonic metamaterial is presented. The propagation characteristics of TE waves guided by the film with both the permittivity and permeability less than zero are investigated theoretically. The formulae for the electric fields of TE modes in this structure have been proposed. Typical numerical results for dispersion characteristics are shown. The analytical and numerical results show excellent agreement.

1. Castaldi, G., I. Gallina, V. Galdi, A. Alù, and N. Engheta, "Cloak/anti-cloak interactions," Opt. Express, Vol. 17, 3101-3114, 2009.
doi:10.1364/OE.17.003101 Google Scholar

2. Awad, M., M. Nagel, and H. Kurz, "Negative-index metamaterial with polymer-embedded wire-pair structures at terahertz frequencies," Opt. Lett., Vol. 33, 2683-2685, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OL.33.002683 Google Scholar

3. Duan, Z.-Y., B.-I. Wu, S. Xi, H. Chen, and M. Chen, "Research progress in reversed Cherenkov radiation in double-negative metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 90, 75-87, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER08121604 Google Scholar

4. Xi, S., H. Chen, B.-I. Wu, and J. A. Kong, "Experimental confirmation of guidance properties using planar anisotropic left-handed metamaterial slabs based on s-ring resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 84, 279-287, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08062105 Google Scholar

5. Wu, W. Y., A. Lai, C. W. Kuo, K. M. K. H. Leong, and T. Itoh, "Efficient FDTD method for analysis of mushroom-structure based left-handed materials," IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation, Vol. 1, 100-107, 2007.
doi:10.1049/iet-map:20050230 Google Scholar

6. Dolling, G., M. Wegener, C. M. Soukoulis, and S. Linden, "Negative-index metamaterial at 780nm wavelength," Opt. Lett., Vol. 32, 53-55, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OL.32.000053 Google Scholar

7. Yu, G. X., T.-J. Cui, W. X. Jiang, X. M. Yang, Q. Cheng, and Y. Hao, "Transformation of different kinds of electromagnetic waves using metamaterials," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 5-6, 583-592, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309788019723 Google Scholar

8. Zhou, H., Z. Pei, S. Qu, S. Zhang, J. Wang, Q. Li, and Z. Xu, "A planar zero-index metamaterial for directive emission," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, 953-962, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309788355289 Google Scholar

9. Gong, Y. and G. Wang, "Superficial tumor hyperthermia with flat left-handed metamaterial lens," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, 389-405, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09091401 Google Scholar

10. Wang, M.-Y., J. Xu, J.Wu, B.Wei, H.-L. Li, T. Xu, and D.-B. Ge, "FDTD study on wave propagation in layered structures with biaxial anisotropic metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 81, 253-265, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER07122602 Google Scholar

11. Wang, Z. L., H. T. Jiang, Y. H. Li, and H. Chen, "Enhancement of self-collimated fields in photonic crystals consisting of two kinds of single-negation materials," Opt. Express, Vol. 18, 14311-14318, 2010.
doi:10.1364/OE.18.014311 Google Scholar

12. Mocella, V., S. Cabrini, A. S. P. Chang, P. Dardano, L. Moretti, I. Rendina, D. Olynick, B. Harteneck, and S. Dhuey, "Self-collimation of light over millimeter-scale distance in a quasi-zero-average-index metamaterial," Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 102, 133902, 2009.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.133902 Google Scholar

13. Al-Naib, I. A. I., C. Jansen, and M. Koch, "Single metal layer CPW metamaterial band-pass filter," Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 17, 153-161, 2010.
doi:10.2528/PIERL10081103 Google Scholar

14. Manapati, M. B. and R. S. Kshetrimayum, "SAR reduction in human head from mobile phone radiation using single negative metamaterials," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 23, No. 10, 1385-1395, 2009.
doi:10.1163/156939309789108606 Google Scholar

15. Hwang, R.-B., H.-W. Liu, and C.-Y. Chin, "A metamaterial-based E-plane horn antenna," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 93, 275-289, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09050606 Google Scholar

16. Huang, M. D. and S. Y. Tan, "Efficient electrically small prolate spheroidal antennas coated with a shell of double-negative metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 82, 241-255, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08031604 Google Scholar

17. Si, L.-M. and X. Lv, "CPW-FED multi-band omni-directional planar microstrip antenna using composite metamaterial resonators for wireless communications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 83, 133-146, 2008.
doi:10.2528/PIER08050404 Google Scholar

18. Ziolkowski, R. W. and E. Heyman, "Wave propagation in media having negative permittivity and permeability," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 64, 056625, 2001.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.64.056625 Google Scholar

19. Milonni, P. W. and G. J. Maclay, "Quantized-field description of light negative-index media," Opt. Commun., Vol. 228, 161-165, 2003.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2003.09.080 Google Scholar

20. Mirza, I. O., J. N. Sabas, S. Shi, and D. W. Prather, "Experimental demonstration of metamaterial based phase modulation," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 93, 1-12, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09050412 Google Scholar

21. Sabah, C. and S. Uckun, "Multilayer system of Lorentz/drude type metamaterials with dielectric slabs and its application to electromagnetic filters," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 91, 349-364, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09031306 Google Scholar

22. Jose, J., "Controlled coupling of planar waveguides using a negative-refractive-index medium," J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., Vol. 40, 497-505, 2007.
doi:10.1088/0953-4075/40/3/005 Google Scholar

23. Lomakin, V., Y. Fainman, Y. Urzhumov, and G. Shvets, "Doubly negative metamaterials in the near infrared and visible regimes based on thin film nanocomposites," Opt. Express, Vol. 14, 11164-11177, 2006.
doi:10.1364/OE.14.011164 Google Scholar

24. Shadrivov, I. V., A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, "Guided modes in negative-refractive-index waveguides," Phys. Rev. E, Vol. 67, 057602, 2003.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.67.057602 Google Scholar

25. He, Y., Z. Cao, and Q. Shen, "Guided optical modes in asymmetric left-hand waveguides," Opt. Commun., Vol. 245, 125-135, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2004.09.067 Google Scholar

26. Wu, Y. D., M. L. Huang, M. H. Chen, and R. Z. Tasy, "All-optical switch based on the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, 9883-9892, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.009883 Google Scholar

27. Wu, Y. D., T. T. Shih, and M. H. Chen, "New all-optical logic gates based on the local nonlinear Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Opt. Express, Vol. 16, 248-257, 2008.
doi:10.1364/OE.16.000248 Google Scholar

28. Kaman, V., X. Zheng, S. Yuan, J. Klingshirn, C. Pusarla, R. J. Helkey, O. Jerphagnon, and J. E. Bowers, "A 32 × 10 Gb/s DWDM metropolitan network demonstration using wavelength-selective photonic cross-connects and narrow-band EDFAs," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., Vol. 17, 1977-1979, 2005.
doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.853262 Google Scholar

29. Ttrutschel, U., F. Lederer, and M. Golz, "Nonlinear guided waves in multilayer systems," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 25, 194-200, 1989.
doi:10.1109/3.16262 Google Scholar

30. Radic, S., N. George, and G. P. Agrawal, "Theory of low-threshold optical switching in nonlinear phase-shifted periodic structures," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 12, 671-680, 1995.
doi:10.1364/JOSAB.12.000671 Google Scholar

31. Radic, S., N. George, and G. P. Agrawal, "Analysis of nonuniform nonlinear distributed feedback structures: Generalized transfer matrix method," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 31, 1326-1336, 1995.
doi:10.1109/3.391098 Google Scholar

32. She, S. and S. Zhang, "Analysis of nonlinear TE waves in a periodic refractive index waveguide with nonlinear caldding," Opt. Commun., Vol. 161, 141-148, 1999.
doi:10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00004-8 Google Scholar

33. Jovanoski, Z., I. N. Towers, N. A. Ansari, and R. A. Sammut, "Approximate analysis of circular bends in nonlinear planar waveguides," Opt. Commun., Vol. 244, 399-409, 2005.
doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2004.09.036 Google Scholar

34. Nguyen, T. G. and A. Mitchell, "Analysis of optical waveguides with multilayer dielectric coatings using plane wave expansion," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 24, 635-642, 2006.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2005.860158 Google Scholar

35. Lecamp, G., J. P. Hugonin, and P. Lalanne, "Theoretical and computational concepts for periodic optical waveguides," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, 11042-11060, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.011042 Google Scholar

36. Sidorov, A. I., "Radiation modulation via violation of total internal reflection with excitation of a waveguide mode," Tech. Phys., Vol. 53, 732-736, 2008.
doi:10.1134/S1063784208060108 Google Scholar

37. Wu, Y. D., M. H. Chen, C. K. Kuo, S. Y. Chen, and C. F. Chang, "The study of multilayer planar optical waveguide structure with nonlinear cladding," Opt. Quantum Electron., Vol. 40, 495-512, 2008.
doi:10.1007/s11082-008-9235-4 Google Scholar

38. Wu, Y. D., M. H. Chen, and H. J. Tasi, "Analyzing multilayer optical waveguides with nonlinear cladding and substrates," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, Vol. 19, 1737-1745, 2002.
doi:10.1364/JOSAB.19.001737 Google Scholar

39. Wu, Y. D., "Analyzing multilayer optical waveguides with a localized arbitrary nonlinear guiding film," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., Vol. 40, 529-540, 2004. Google Scholar

40. Wu, Y. D. and M. H. Chen, "Method for analyzing multilayer nonlinear optical waveguide," Opt. Express, Vol. 13, 7982-7995, 2005.
doi:10.1364/OPEX.13.007982 Google Scholar

41. Kuo, C. W., S. Y. Chen, M. H. Chen, C. F. Chang, and Y. D. Wu, "Analyzing multilayer optical waveguide with all nonlinear layers," Opt. Express, Vol. 15, 2499-2516, 2007.
doi:10.1364/OE.15.002499 Google Scholar

42. Kuo, C. W., S. Y. Chen, Y. D. Wu, M. H. Chen, and C. F. Chang, "Analysis and calculations of forbidden regions for transverse-electric-guided waves in the three-layer planar waveguide with photonic metamaterial," Fiber Integrated Opt., Vol. 29, 305-314, 2010. Google Scholar

43. Doer, C. R. and H. Kogelnik, "Dielectric waveguide theory," J. Lightwave Technol., Vol. 26, 1176-1187, 2008.
doi:10.1109/JLT.2008.923632 Google Scholar

Professor Chih-Wen Kuo

Dr. Shih-Yuan Chen

Prof. Yaw-Dong Wu

Professor Mao-Hsiung Chen