volume | PIER Journals

Abstract

This paper presents a method for focusing a moving target in single channel SAR data utilizing a novel technique for range migration correction. The First Order Keystone transform is first applied to remove the range-walk of the moving target signature. A search procedure based on maximizing a contrast cost function is then employed to determine the phase correction which compensates for the remaining range curvature. Finally an adaptive notch filter is used to construct an estimate of the azimuth compression filter necessary to focus the moving target. An experimental result is provided for airborne SAR data to demonstrate the performance of the approach.

1. Raney, R. K., "Synthetic aperture imaging radar and moving targets," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 7, No. 3, 499-505, May 1971.
doi:10.1109/TAES.1971.310292 Google Scholar

2. Fienup, J., "Detecting moving targets in SAR imagery by focusing," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 37, No. 3, 794-808, Jul. 2001.
doi:10.1109/7.953237 Google Scholar

3. Sharma, J. J., C. H. Gierull, and M. J. Collins, "The influence of target acceleration on velocity estimation in dual-channel SARGMTI," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 44, No. 1, 134-147, Jan. 2006.
doi:10.1109/TGRS.2005.859343 Google Scholar

4. Mao, X., D.-Y. Zhu, and Z.-D. Zhu, "Signatures of moving targets in polar format spotlight SAR image," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 92, 47-64, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09030908 Google Scholar

5. Barbarossa, S. and A. Farina, "Detection and imaging of moving objects with synthetic aperture radar --- Part 2: Joint time frequency analysis by Wigner-Ville distribution," IEE Proceedings --- F, Vol. 139, No. 1, 89-97, Feb. 1992.
doi:10.1049/ip-f-2.1992.0011 Google Scholar

6. Perry, R., R. DiPietro, and R. Fante, "SAR imaging of moving targets," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 35, No. 1, 188-200, Jan. 1999.
doi:10.1109/7.745691 Google Scholar

7. Zhou, F., R. Wu, and Z. Bao, "Approach for single channel SAR ground moving target imaging and motion parameter estimation," IET Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, Vol. 1, No. 1, 59-66, Feb. 2007.
doi:10.1049/iet-rsn:20060040 Google Scholar

8. Li, G., X.-G. Xia, and Y.-N. Peng, "Doppler keystone transform for SAR imaging of moving targets," Congress on Image and Signal Processing, 716-719, May 2008.
doi:10.1109/CISP.2008.600 Google Scholar

9. Kirkland, D., "Imaging moving targets using the second-order keystone transform," IET Radar Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 5, No. 8, 902-910, Oct. 2011. Google Scholar

10. Zhou, F., Y. Li, R. Ru, M. Xing, and Z. Bao, "An effective approach to ground moving target imaging for single channel SAR system," International Conference on Radar, 1-4, Oct. 2006. Google Scholar

11. Barbarossa, S. and A. Farina, "A novel procedure for detecting and focusing moving objects with SAR based on the Wigner-Ville distribution," Record of the IEEE 1990 International Radar Conference, 44-50, May 1990.
doi:10.1109/RADAR.1990.201135 Google Scholar

12. Barbarossa, S. and A. Scaglione, "Autofocusing of SAR images based on the product high-order ambiguity function," IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar, and Navigation, Vol. 145, No. 5, 269-273, Oct. 1998.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:19982222 Google Scholar

13. Cohen, L., "Time-frequency distributions --- A review," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 77, No. 7, 941-981, Jul. 1989.
doi:10.1109/5.30749 Google Scholar

14. Rao, B. D. and R. Peng, "Tracking characteristics of the constrained IIR adaptive notch filter," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 36, No. 9, 1466-1479, Sep. 1988.
doi:10.1109/29.90375 Google Scholar

15. Regalia, P., Adaptive IIR Filtering in Signal Processing and Control, 1st Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., Sep. 1994.

16. Händel, P. and A. Nehorai, "Tracking analysis of an adaptive notch filter with constrained poles and zeros," IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 42, No. 2, 281-291, Feb. 1994.
doi:10.1109/78.275602 Google Scholar

17. Nehorai, A., "A minimal parameter adaptive notch filter with constrained poles and zeros," IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 33, No. 4, 983-996, Aug. 1985.
doi:10.1109/TASSP.1985.1164643 Google Scholar

18. Pei, S.-C. and C.-C. Tseng, "Complex adaptive IIR notch filter algorithm and its applications," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems --- II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, Vol. 41, No. 2, 158-163, Feb. 1994.
doi:10.1109/82.281849 Google Scholar

19. Damini, A., M. McDonald, and G. Haslam, "X-band wideband experimental airborne radar for SAR, GMTI and maritime surveillance," IEE Proceedings Radar, Sonar and Navigation, Vol. 150, No. 4, 305-312, Aug. 2003.
doi:10.1049/ip-rsn:20030654 Google Scholar

20. Damini, A., M. Balaji, L. Shafai, and G. Haslam, "Novel multiple phase centre reflector antenna for GMTI radar," IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 151, No. 3, 199-204, Jun. 2004.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20040339 Google Scholar

21. Curlander, J. C. and R. N. McDonough, Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems and Signal Processing, 1st Ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991.

Mr. David M. Kirkland