Vol. 140
Latest Volume
All Volumes
PIER 179 [2024] PIER 178 [2023] PIER 177 [2023] PIER 176 [2023] PIER 175 [2022] PIER 174 [2022] PIER 173 [2022] PIER 172 [2021] PIER 171 [2021] PIER 170 [2021] PIER 169 [2020] PIER 168 [2020] PIER 167 [2020] PIER 166 [2019] PIER 165 [2019] PIER 164 [2019] PIER 163 [2018] PIER 162 [2018] PIER 161 [2018] PIER 160 [2017] PIER 159 [2017] PIER 158 [2017] PIER 157 [2016] PIER 156 [2016] PIER 155 [2016] PIER 154 [2015] PIER 153 [2015] PIER 152 [2015] PIER 151 [2015] PIER 150 [2015] PIER 149 [2014] PIER 148 [2014] PIER 147 [2014] PIER 146 [2014] PIER 145 [2014] PIER 144 [2014] PIER 143 [2013] PIER 142 [2013] PIER 141 [2013] PIER 140 [2013] PIER 139 [2013] PIER 138 [2013] PIER 137 [2013] PIER 136 [2013] PIER 135 [2013] PIER 134 [2013] PIER 133 [2013] PIER 132 [2012] PIER 131 [2012] PIER 130 [2012] PIER 129 [2012] PIER 128 [2012] PIER 127 [2012] PIER 126 [2012] PIER 125 [2012] PIER 124 [2012] PIER 123 [2012] PIER 122 [2012] PIER 121 [2011] PIER 120 [2011] PIER 119 [2011] PIER 118 [2011] PIER 117 [2011] PIER 116 [2011] PIER 115 [2011] PIER 114 [2011] PIER 113 [2011] PIER 112 [2011] PIER 111 [2011] PIER 110 [2010] PIER 109 [2010] PIER 108 [2010] PIER 107 [2010] PIER 106 [2010] PIER 105 [2010] PIER 104 [2010] PIER 103 [2010] PIER 102 [2010] PIER 101 [2010] PIER 100 [2010] PIER 99 [2009] PIER 98 [2009] PIER 97 [2009] PIER 96 [2009] PIER 95 [2009] PIER 94 [2009] PIER 93 [2009] PIER 92 [2009] PIER 91 [2009] PIER 90 [2009] PIER 89 [2009] PIER 88 [2008] PIER 87 [2008] PIER 86 [2008] PIER 85 [2008] PIER 84 [2008] PIER 83 [2008] PIER 82 [2008] PIER 81 [2008] PIER 80 [2008] PIER 79 [2008] PIER 78 [2008] PIER 77 [2007] PIER 76 [2007] PIER 75 [2007] PIER 74 [2007] PIER 73 [2007] PIER 72 [2007] PIER 71 [2007] PIER 70 [2007] PIER 69 [2007] PIER 68 [2007] PIER 67 [2007] PIER 66 [2006] PIER 65 [2006] PIER 64 [2006] PIER 63 [2006] PIER 62 [2006] PIER 61 [2006] PIER 60 [2006] PIER 59 [2006] PIER 58 [2006] PIER 57 [2006] PIER 56 [2006] PIER 55 [2005] PIER 54 [2005] PIER 53 [2005] PIER 52 [2005] PIER 51 [2005] PIER 50 [2005] PIER 49 [2004] PIER 48 [2004] PIER 47 [2004] PIER 46 [2004] PIER 45 [2004] PIER 44 [2004] PIER 43 [2003] PIER 42 [2003] PIER 41 [2003] PIER 40 [2003] PIER 39 [2003] PIER 38 [2002] PIER 37 [2002] PIER 36 [2002] PIER 35 [2002] PIER 34 [2001] PIER 33 [2001] PIER 32 [2001] PIER 31 [2001] PIER 30 [2001] PIER 29 [2000] PIER 28 [2000] PIER 27 [2000] PIER 26 [2000] PIER 25 [2000] PIER 24 [1999] PIER 23 [1999] PIER 22 [1999] PIER 21 [1999] PIER 20 [1998] PIER 19 [1998] PIER 18 [1998] PIER 17 [1997] PIER 16 [1997] PIER 15 [1997] PIER 14 [1996] PIER 13 [1996] PIER 12 [1996] PIER 11 [1995] PIER 10 [1995] PIER 09 [1994] PIER 08 [1994] PIER 07 [1993] PIER 06 [1992] PIER 05 [1991] PIER 04 [1991] PIER 03 [1990] PIER 02 [1990] PIER 01 [1989]
2013-07-02
Far-Field Reconstruction from Near-Field Data Acquired via a Fast Spherical Spiral Scan: Experimental Evidences
By
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 140, 719-732, 2013
Abstract
A probe-compensated near-field - far-field (NF-FF) transformation with spherical spiral scanning, which makes possible to lower the number of needed measurements, as well as the time required for the data acquisition when characterizing quasi-planar antennas, is experimentally verified in this paper. Such a technique, based on the nonredundant representation of electromagnetic fields, has been achieved by properly applying the unified theory of spiral scans for nonspherical antennas and adopting a very flexible source modelling, formed by two circular "bowls" with the same aperture diameter but different bending radii. A two-dimensional optimal sampling interpolation formula allows one to reconstruct the NF data at any point on the measurement sphere and, in particular, at those required by the classical NF-FF transformation with spherical scanning. The reported NF and FF reconstructions, obtained from the nonredundant samples acquired on the spiral, assess the accuracy of the proposed technique.
Citation
Francesco D'Agostino, Flaminio Ferrara, Claudio Gennarelli, Rocco Guerriero, and Massimo Migliozzi, "Far-Field Reconstruction from Near-Field Data Acquired via a Fast Spherical Spiral Scan: Experimental Evidences," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 140, 719-732, 2013.
doi:10.2528/PIER13050202
References

1. Gillespie, E. S., "Special issue on near-field scanning techniques," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 36, 727-901, Jun. 1988.
doi:10.1109/8.1173

2. Yaghjian, A. D., "An overview of near-field antenna measurements," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 34, 30-45, Jan. 1986.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1986.1143727

3. Francis, M. H. and R. W. Wittmann, Near-field scanning measurements: theory and practice, Modern Antenna Handbook, C. A. Balanis (ed.), Chapter 19, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, 2008.

4. Gennarelli, C., A. Capozzoli, L. Foged, J. Fordham, and D. J. van Rensburg, "Special issue on recent advances in near-field to far-field transformation techniques," Int. Jour. of Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 2012.

5. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, and C. Savarese, "Representation of electromagnetic fields over arbitrary surfaces by a finite and nonredundant number of samples," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 46, 351-359, Mar. 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.662654

6. Bucci, O. M. and C. Gennarelli, "Application of nonredundant sampling representations of electromagnetic fields to NF-FF transformation techniques ," Int. Jour. of Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 2012, ID 319856, 14 pages, 2012.

7. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with plane-polar scanning: Ellipsoidal modelling of the antenna," Automatika, Vol. 41, 159-164, 2000.

8. D'Agostino, F., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Data reduction in the NF-FF transformation with bi-polar scanning," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 36, 32-36, Jan. 2003.
doi:10.1002/mop.10662

9. Ferrara, F., C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "An efficient near-field to far-field transformation using the planar wide-mesh scanning," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 21, No. 3, 341-357, 2007.
doi:10.1163/156939307779367404

10. Bucci, O. M., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning: An effective technique for elongated antennas," IEE Proc. --- Microw., Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 145, 369-374, Oct. 1998.

11. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning from a minimum number of data," Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett., Vol. 35, 264-270, Nov. 2002.

12. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Data reduction in the NF-FF transformation technique with spherical scanning," Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, Vol. 15, No. 6, 755-775, 2001.
doi:10.1163/156939301X00995

13. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Effective antenna modellings for NF-FF transformations with spherical scanning using the minimum number of data," Int. Jour. of Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 2011, Article ID 936781, 11 pages, 2011.

14. Paris, D. T., W. M. Leach, Jr., and E. B. Joy, "Basic theory of probe-compensated near-field measurements," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 26, 373-379, May 1978.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1978.1141855

15. Leach, Jr., W. M. and D. T. Paris, "Probe compensated near-field measurements on a cylinder," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 21, 435-445, Jul. 1973.

16. Hansen, J. E., Spherical Near-field Antenna Measurements, IEE Electromagnetic Waves Series, Peter Peregrinus, London, UK, 1998.

17. Yaccarino, R. G., L. I. Williams, and Y. Rahmat-Samii, "Linear spiral sampling for the bipolar planar antenna measurement technique," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 44, 1049-1051, Jul. 1996.

18. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "Probe compensated far-field reconstruction by near-field planar spiral scanning," IEE Proc. --- Microw., Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 149, 119-123, Apr. 2002.
doi:10.1049/ip-map:20020265

19. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "An effective NF-FF transformation technique with planar spiral scanning tailored for quasi-planar antennas," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 56, 2981-2987, Sep. 2008.
doi:10.1109/TAP.2008.928786

20. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Laboratory tests assessing the effectiveness of the NF-FF transformation with helicoidal scanning for electrically long antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 98, 375-388, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIER09092303

21. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, J. A. Fordham, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, M. Migliozzi, G. Riccio, and C. Rizzo, "An effective near-field-far-field transformation technique for elongated antennas using a fast helicoidal scan," IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine, Vol. 51, 134-141, Aug. 2009.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2009.5338700

22. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Experimental results validating the near-field to far-¯eld transformation technique with helicoidal scan ," The Open Electrical & Electronic Eng. Jour., Vol. 4, 10-15, 2010.
doi:10.2174/1874129001004010010

23. Bucci, O. M., F. D'Agostino, C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, and C. Savarese, "NF-FF transformation with spherical spiral scanning," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 2, 263-266, 2003.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2003.820710

24. D'Agostino, F., C. Gennarelli, G. Riccio, C. Savarese, "Theoretical foundations of near-field-far-field transformations with spiral scannings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 61, 193-214, 2006.
doi:10.2528/PIER06021401

25. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, J. A. Fordham, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "An experimental validation of the near-field-far-field transformation with spherical spiral scan," IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine, Vol. 55, Jun. 2013.

26. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, M. Migliozzi, and G. Riccio, "A nonredundant near-field to far-¯eld transformation with spherical spiral scanning for nonspherical antennas," The Open Electrical & Electronic Eng. Jour., Vol. 3, 4-11, 2009.

27. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Experimental assessment of an effective near-¯eld-far-¯eld transformation with spherical spiral scanning for quasi-planar antennas," IEEE Antennas Wireless Propagat. Lett., Vol. 12, 670-673, 2013.
doi:10.1109/LAWP.2013.2264110

28. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Far-field reconstruction from a minimum number of spherical spiral data using effective antenna modellings," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 37, 43-58, 2012.
doi:10.2528/PIERB11072707

29. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "The unified theory of near-field-far-field transformations with spiral scannings for nonspherical antennas," Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 14, 449-477, 2009.
doi:10.2528/PIERB09031808

30. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "On the direct non-redundant near-field-to-far-field transformation in a cylindrical scanning geometry," IEEE Antennas Propagat. Magazine, Vol. 54, 130-138, Feb. 2012.
doi:10.1109/MAP.2012.6202525

31. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, G. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Antenna pattern reconstruction directly from nonredundant near-field measurements collected by a cylindrical facility," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 24, 235-249, 2012.

32. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "An innovative direct NF-FF transformation technique with helicoidal scanning," Int. Jour. of Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 2012, Article ID 912948, 9 pages, 2012.

33. D'Agostino, F., F. Ferrara, C. Gennarelli, R. Guerriero, and M. Migliozzi, "Evaluation of the far field radiated by long antennas directly from data acquired through a fast helicoidal scanning," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 26, 157-171, 2012.

34. Wacker, P. F., Non-planar Near-field Measurements: Spherical Scanning, NBSIR 75-809, Boulder, CO, 1975.

35. Yaghjian, A. D. and R. C. Wittmann, "The receiving antenna as a linear di®erential operator: Application to spherical near-field measurements," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 33, 1175-1185, 1985.
doi:10.1109/TAP.1985.1143520

36. Hansen, T. B., "Higher-order probes in spherical near-field scanning," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 59, 4049-4059, Nov. 2011.

37. Bucci, O. M., G. D'Elia, and M. D. Migliore, "Advanced ¯eld interpolation from plane-polar samples: Experimental verification," IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagat., Vol. 46, 204-210, Feb. 1998.
doi:10.1109/8.660964