1. Beliaev, Leonid Yu., Andrei V. Lavrinenko, and Osamu Takayama, "Alternative plasmonic materials for biochemical sensing: A review (Invited Review)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 180, 25-53, 2024.        Google Scholar

2. Johnson, C. C. and A. W. Guy, "Nonionizing electromagnetic wave effects in biological materials and systems," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 60, No. 6, 692-718, 1972.        Google Scholar

3. Kim, Youngwook and Hao Ling, "Human activity classification based on micro-Doppler signatures using a support vector machine," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 47, No. 5, 1328-1337, 2009.        Google Scholar

4. Li, Lianlin, Ya Shuang, Qian Ma, Haoyang Li, Hanting Zhao, Menglin Wei, Che Liu, Chenglong Hao, Cheng-Wei Qiu, and Tie Jun Cui, "Intelligent metasurface imager and recognizer," Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 8, No. 1, 97, 2019.        Google Scholar

5. Cui, Tie Jun, Mei Qing Qi, Xiang Wan, Jie Zhao, and Qiang Cheng, "Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials," Light: Science & Applications, Vol. 3, No. 10, e218, 2014.        Google Scholar

6. Feng, Naixing, Huan Wang, Xuan Wang, Yuxian Zhang, Chao Qian, Zhixiang Huang, and Hongsheng Chen, "Highly accurate and efficient 3D implementations empowered by deep neural network for 2DLMs-based metamaterials," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 180, 1-11, 2024.        Google Scholar

7. Kshetrimayum, R. S., "A brief intro to metamaterials," IEEE Potentials, Vol. 23, No. 5, 44-46, 2005.        Google Scholar

8. Salonikios, Vasileios, S. A. Amanatiadis, and Michalis Nitas, "Systematic synthesis of fully-planar antennas based on metamaterial-enhanced SIWs for 5G communications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 150, 105-112, 2024.        Google Scholar

9. Tirado-Méndez, José Alfredo, Arturo Rangel-Merino, and Luis Alberto Vasquez-Toledo, "Compact 8-port MIMO antenna for hot-spot applications based on embedded double-negative metamaterial split ring resonators," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 130, 11-17, 2024.        Google Scholar

10. Zhou, S. Kevin, Hayit Greenspan, Christos Davatzikos, James S. Duncan, Bram Van Ginneken, Anant Madabhushi, Jerry L. Prince, Daniel Rueckert, and Ronald M. Summers, "A review of deep learning in medical imaging: Imaging traits, technology trends, case studies with progress highlights, and future promises," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 109, No. 5, 820-838, 2021.        Google Scholar

11. Kong, Hao, Cheng Huang, Jiadi Yu, and Xuemin Shen, "A survey of mmWave radar-based sensing in autonomous vehicles, smart homes and industry," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 27, No. 1, 463-508, 2025.        Google Scholar

12. Ma, Yongsen, Gang Zhou, and Shuangquan Wang, "WiFi sensing with channel state information: A survey," ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), Vol. 52, No. 3, 1-36, 2019.        Google Scholar

13. Fields, Brandon K. K., Natalie L. Demirjian, Habibollah Dadgar, and Ali Gholamrezanezhad, "Imaging of COVID-19: CT, MRI, and PET," Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, Vol. 51, No. 4, 312-320, 2021.

14. Hermessi, Haithem, Olfa Mourali, and Ezzeddine Zagrouba, "Multimodal medical image fusion review: Theoretical background and recent advances," Signal Processing, Vol. 183, 108036, 2021.        Google Scholar

15. Li, Jun, Junyu Chen, Yucheng Tang, Ce Wang, Bennett A. Landman, and S. Kevin Zhou, "Transforming medical imaging with Transformers? A comparative review of key properties, current progresses, and future perspectives," Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 85, 102762, 2023.        Google Scholar

16. Abhisheka, Barsha, Saroj Kumar Biswas, Biswajit Purkayastha, Dolly Das, and Alexandre Escargueil, "Recent trend in medical imaging modalities and their applications in disease diagnosis: A review," Multimedia Tools and Applications, Vol. 83, No. 14, 43035-43070, 2024.        Google Scholar

17. Fioranelli, Francesco, Julien Le Kernec, and Syed Aziz Shah, "Radar for health care: Recognizing human activities and monitoring vital signs," IEEE Potentials, Vol. 38, No. 4, 16-23, 2019.        Google Scholar

18. Li, Xinyu, Yuan He, and Xiaojun Jing, "A survey of deep learning-based human activity recognition in radar," Remote Sensing, Vol. 11, No. 9, 1068, 2019.        Google Scholar

19. Cardillo, Emanuele and Alina Caddemi, "A review on biomedical MIMO radars for vital sign detection and human localization," Electronics, Vol. 9, No. 9, 1497, 2020.        Google Scholar

20. Kong, Hao, Cheng Huang, Jiadi Yu, and Xuemin Shen, "A survey of mmWave radar-based sensing in autonomous vehicles, smart homes and industry," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 27, No. 1, 463-508, 2024.        Google Scholar

21. Liu, Jian, Hongbo Liu, Yingying Chen, Yan Wang, and Chen Wang, "Wireless sensing for human activity: A survey," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 22, No. 3, 1629-1645, 2019.        Google Scholar

22. Nirmal, Isura, Abdelwahed Khamis, Mahbub Hassan, Wen Hu, and Xiaoqing Zhu, "Deep learning for radio-based human sensing: Recent advances and future directions," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 23, No. 2, 995-1019, 2021.        Google Scholar

23. Tan, Sheng, Yili Ren, Jie Yang, and Yingying Chen, "Commodity WiFi sensing in ten years: Status, challenges, and opportunities," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 9, No. 18, 17832-17843, 2022.        Google Scholar

24. Chen, Chen, Gang Zhou, and Youfang Lin, "Cross-domain WiFi sensing with channel state information: A survey," ACM Computing Surveys, Vol. 55, No. 11, 1-37, 2023.        Google Scholar

25. Zhang, Shuyan, Chi Lok Wong, Shuwen Zeng, Renzhe Bi, Kolvyn Tai, Kishan Dholakia, and Malini Olivo, "Metasurfaces for biomedical applications: Imaging and sensing from a nanophotonics perspective," Nanophotonics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 259-293, 2020.        Google Scholar

26. Zhang, Hongliang, Boya Di, Kaigui Bian, Zhu Han, H. Vincent Poor, and Lingyang Song, "Toward ubiquitous sensing and localization with reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 110, No. 9, 1401-1422, 2022.        Google Scholar

27. Razzicchia, E., N. Ghavami, O. Karadima, and P. Kosmas, "Metasurface technology for medical imaging," Electromagnetic Imaging for a Novel Generation of Medical Devices: Fundamental Issues, Methodological Challenges and Practical Implementation, 69-99, 2023.

28. Tzarouchis, Dimitrios C., Maria Koutsoupidou, Ioannis Sotiriou, Konstantinos Dovelos, Dionysios Rompolas, and Panagiotis Kosmas, "Electromagnetic metamaterials for biomedical applications: Short review and trends," EPJ Applied Metamaterials, Vol. 11, 7, 2024.        Google Scholar

29. Asokan, Sakthi Preetha and Kavitha Kaliappan, "Revolutionizing healthcare with metamaterial-enhanced antennas: A comprehensive review and future directions," Frequenz, Vol. 78, No. 5-6, 219-227, 2024.        Google Scholar

30. Kandwal, Abhishek, L. Liu, M. Jamal Deen, Rohit Jasrotia, Binod Kumar Kanaujia, and Zedong Nie, "Electromagnetic wave sensors for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring: Review and recent developments," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 72, 1-15, 2023.        Google Scholar

31. Hassan, Ahmed M. and Magda El-Shenawee, "Review of electromagnetic techniques for breast cancer detection," IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 4, 103-118, 2011.        Google Scholar

32. Salim, Ahmed and Sungjoon Lim, "Recent advances in the metamaterial-inspired biosensors," Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 117, 398-402, 2018.        Google Scholar

33. Li, Zhipeng, Xi Tian, Cheng-Wei Qiu, and John S. Ho, "Metasurfaces for bioelectronics and healthcare," Nature Electronics, Vol. 4, No. 6, 382-391, 2021.        Google Scholar

34. Suetens, Paul, Fundamentals of Medical Imaging, Cambridge University Press, 2017.

35. Ou, Xiangyu, Xue Chen, Xianning Xu, Lili Xie, Xiaofeng Chen, Zhongzhu Hong, Hua Bai, Xiaowang Liu, Qiushui Chen, Lin Li, et al., "Recent development in X-ray imaging technology: Future and challenges," Research, 2021.        Google Scholar

36. Grover, Vijay P. B., Joshua M. Tognarelli, Mary M. E. Crossey, I. Jane Cox, Simon D. Taylor-Robinson, and Mark J. W. McPhail, "Magnetic resonance imaging: Principles and techniques: Lessons for clinicians," Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology, Vol. 5, No. 3, 246-255, 2015.        Google Scholar

37. Withers, Philip J., Charles Bouman, Simone Carmignato, Veerle Cnudde, David Grimaldi, Charlotte K. Hagen, Eric Maire, Marena Manley, Anton Du Plessis, and Stuart R. Stock, "X-ray computed tomography," Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Vol. 1, No. 1, 18, 2021.        Google Scholar

38. Ma, Jun, Yuting He, Feifei Li, Lin Han, Chenyu You, and Bo Wang, "Segment anything in medical images," Nature Communications, Vol. 15, No. 1, 654, 2024.        Google Scholar

39. Willemink, Martin J., Wojciech A. Koszek, Cailin Hardell, Jie Wu, Dominik Fleischmann, Hugh Harvey, Les R. Folio, Ronald M. Summers, Daniel L. Rubin, and Matthew P. Lungren, "Preparing medical imaging data for machine learning," Radiology, Vol. 295, No. 1, 4-15, 2020.        Google Scholar

40. Litjens, Geert, Thijs Kooi, Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi, Arnaud Arindra Adiyoso Setio, Francesco Ciompi, Mohsen Ghafoorian, J. Laak, Bram Van Ginneken, and Clara I. Sánchez, "A survey on deep learning in medical image analysis," Medical Image Analysis, Vol. 42, 60-88, 2017.        Google Scholar

41. Monteiro, Miguel, Virginia F. J. Newcombe, Francois Mathieu, Krishma Adatia, Konstantinos Kamnitsas, Enzo Ferrante, Tilak Das, Daniel Whitehouse, Daniel Rueckert, David K. Menon, et al., "Multiclass semantic segmentation and quantification of traumatic brain injury lesions on head CT using deep learning: An algorithm development and multicentre validation study," The Lancet Digital Health, Vol. 2, No. 6, e314-e322, 2020.        Google Scholar

42. Brosch, Tom, Youngjin Yoo, David K. B. Li, Anthony Traboulsee, and Roger Tam, "Modeling the variability in brain morphology and lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis by deep learning," Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention --- MICCAI 2014, 462-469, Boston, MA, USA, Sep. 2014.

43. Onder, Omer, Yasin Yarasir, Aynur Azizova, Gamze Durhan, Mehmet Ruhi Onur, and Orhan Macit Ariyurek, "Errors, discrepancies and underlying bias in radiology with case examples: A pictorial review," Insights into Imaging, Vol. 12, 1-21, 2021.        Google Scholar

44. Smith, Taylor B., Shuaiqi Zhang, Alaattin Erkanli, D. Frush, and Ehsan Samei, "Variability in image quality and radiation dose within and across 97 medical facilities," Journal of Medical Imaging, Vol. 8, No. 5, 052105, 2021.        Google Scholar

45. Kaur, Amandeep and Guanfang Dong, "A complete review on image denoising techniques for medical images," Neural Processing Letters, Vol. 55, No. 6, 7807-7850, 2023.        Google Scholar

46. Latif, Jahanzaib, Chuangbai Xiao, Azhar Imran, and Shanshan Tu, "Medical imaging using machine learning and deep learning algorithms: A review," 2019 2nd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET), 1-5, Sukkur, Pakistan, 2019.

47. Giger, Maryellen L., "Machine learning in medical imaging," Journal of the American College of Radiology, Vol. 15, No. 3, 512-520, 2018.        Google Scholar

48. Huang, Shih-Cheng, Anuj Pareek, Saeed Seyyedi, Imon Banerjee, and Matthew P. Lungren, "Fusion of medical imaging and electronic health records using deep learning: A systematic review and implementation guidelines," NPJ Digital Medicine, Vol. 3, No. 1, 136, 2020.        Google Scholar

49. Li, Xiaoxiao, Xiaopeng Guo, Pengfei Han, Xiang Wang, Huaguang Li, and Tao Luo, "Laplacian redecomposition for multimodal medical image fusion," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 69, No. 9, 6880-6890, 2020.        Google Scholar

50. Tang, Wei, Fazhi He, Yu Liu, and Yansong Duan, "MATR: Multimodal medical image fusion via multiscale adaptive transformer," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 31, 5134-5149, 2022.        Google Scholar

51. Zhou, Tao, Huazhu Fu, Geng Chen, Jianbing Shen, and Ling Shao, "Hybrid-fusion network for multi-modal MR image synthesis," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 39, No. 9, 2772-2781, 2020.        Google Scholar

52. Hatamizadeh, Ali, Yucheng Tang, Vishwesh Nath, Dong Yang, Andriy Myronenko, Bennett Landman, Holger R. Roth, and Daguang Xu, "UNETR: Transformers for 3D medical image segmentation," Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, 574-584, Waikoloa, HI, USA, 2022.

53. Qin, Dian, Jia-Jun Bu, Zhe Liu, Xin Shen, Sheng Zhou, Jing-Jun Gu, Zhi-Hua Wang, Lei Wu, and Hui-Fen Dai, "Efficient medical image segmentation based on knowledge distillation," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 40, No. 12, 3820-3831, 2021.        Google Scholar

54. Armanious, Karim, Chenming Jiang, Marc Fischer, Thomas Küstner, Tobias Hepp, Konstantin Nikolaou, Sergios Gatidis, and Bin Yang, "MedGAN: Medical image translation using GANs," Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, Vol. 79, 101684, 2020.        Google Scholar

55. Özbey, Muzaffer, Onat Dalmaz, Salman U. H. Dar, Hasan A. Bedel, Şaban Özturk, Alper Güngör, and Tolga Çukur, "Unsupervised medical image translation with adversarial diffusion models," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 42, No. 12, 3524-3539, 2023.        Google Scholar

56. Aljuaid, Hanan, Nazik Alturki, Najah Alsubaie, Lucia Cavallaro, and Antonio Liotta, "Computer-aided diagnosis for breast cancer classification using deep neural networks and transfer learning," Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, Vol. 223, 106951, 2022.        Google Scholar

57. Guo, Zicheng, Jiping Xie, Yi Wan, Min Zhang, Liang Qiao, Jiaxuan Yu, Sijing Chen, Bingxin Li, and Yongqiang Yao, "A review of the current state of the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems for breast cancer diagnosis," Open Life Sciences, Vol. 17, No. 1, 1600-1611, 2022.        Google Scholar

58. Ramadan, Saleem Z., "Methods used in computer-aided diagnosis for breast cancer detection using mammograms: A review," Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Vol. 2020, No. 1, 9162464, 2020.        Google Scholar

59. Fan, Weijie, Yi Yang, Jing Qi, Qichuan Zhang, Cuiwei Liao, Li Wen, Shuang Wang, Guangxian Wang, Yu Xia, Qihua Wu, et al., "A deep-learning-based framework for identifying and localizing multiple abnormalities and assessing cardiomegaly in chest X-ray," Nature Communications, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1347, 2024.        Google Scholar

60. Lee, June-Goo, Sanghoon Jun, Young-Won Cho, Hyunna Lee, Guk Bae Kim, Joon Beom Seo, and Namkug Kim, "Deep learning in medical imaging: General overview," Korean Journal of Radiology, Vol. 18, No. 4, 570-584, 2017.        Google Scholar

61. Lauteslager, Timo, Mathias Tømmer, Tor S. Lande, and Timothy G. Constandinou, "Dynamic microwave imaging of the cardiovascular system using ultra-wideband radar-on-chip devices," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 69, No. 9, 2935-2946, 2022.        Google Scholar

62. Godinho, Daniela M., João M. Felício, Carlos A. Fernandes, and Raquel C. Conceição, "Experimental evaluation of an axillary microwave imaging system to aid breast cancer staging," IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 6, No. 1, 68-76, 2022.        Google Scholar

63. Pan, Jun, Shengbo Ye, Cheng Shi, Kun Yan, Xin Liu, Zhikang Ni, Guangyao Yang, and Guangyou Fang, "3D imaging of moving targets for ultra‐wideband MIMO through‐wall radar system," IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation, Vol. 15, No. 3, 261-273, 2021.        Google Scholar

64. Gui, Shuliang, Jin Li, Yue Yang, Feng Zuo, and Yiming Pi, "A SAR imaging method for walking human based on mωka-FrFT-mmGLRT," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 60, 1-12, 2021.        Google Scholar

65. Li, Zhi, Tian Jin, Yongpeng Dai, and Yongping Song, "Motion-robust contactless heartbeat sensing using 4-D imaging radar," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 72, 1-10, 2023.        Google Scholar

66. Maitre, Julien, Kevin Bouchard, and Sebastien Gaboury, "Fall detection with UWB radars and CNN-LSTM architecture," IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1273-1283, 2020.        Google Scholar

67. Li, Gen, Yun Ge, Yiyu Wang, Qingwu Chen, and Gang Wang, "Detection of human breathing in non-line-of-sight region by using mmWave FMCW radar," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 71, 1-11, 2022.        Google Scholar

68. Song, Chunying, Yang Yang, Yue Lang, and Chunping Hou, "SISO radar-based human movement direction determination using micro-doppler signatures," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 60, 1-14, 2022.        Google Scholar

69. Mercuri, M., Ilde Rosa Lorato, Yao-Hong Liu, Fokko Wieringa, Chris Van Hoof, and Tom Torfs, "Vital-sign monitoring and spatial tracking of multiple people using a contactless radar-based sensor," Nature Electronics, Vol. 2, No. 6, 252-262, 2019.        Google Scholar

70. Zhang, Bin-Bin, Dongheng Zhang, Yadong Li, Zhi Lu, Jinbo Chen, Haoyu Wang, Fang Zhou, Yu Pu, Yang Hu, Li-Kun Ma, et al., "Monitoring long-term cardiac activity with contactless radio frequency signals," Nature Communications, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1-11, 2024.        Google Scholar

71. Moloney, Brian M., Peter F. McAnena, Sami M. Abd Elwahab, Angie Fasoula, Luc Duchesne, Julio D. Gil Cano, Catherine Glynn, A. O'Connell, Rachel Ennis, Aoife J. Lowery, et al., "Microwave imaging in breast cancer-results from the first-in-human clinical investigation of the wavelia system," Academic Radiology, Vol. 29, S211-S222, 2022.        Google Scholar

72. Zhao, Yubin, Alexander Yarovoy, and Francesco Fioranelli, "Angle-insensitive human motion and posture recognition based on 4D imaging radar and deep learning classifiers," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 22, No. 12, 12173-12182, 2022.        Google Scholar

73. Wang, Dang-Wei, Xiao-Yan Ma, A.-Lei Chen, and Yi Su, "High-resolution imaging using a wideband MIMO radar system with two distributed arrays," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 19, No. 5, 1280-1289, 2009.        Google Scholar

74. Moreira, Alberto, Pau Prats-Iraola, Marwan Younis, Gerhard Krieger, Irena Hajnsek, and Konstantinos P. Papathanassiou, "A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 1, 6-43, 2013.        Google Scholar

75. Raney, R. K., H. Runge, R. Bamler, I. G. Cumming, and F. H. Wong, "Precision SAR processing using chirp scaling," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 32, No. 4, 786-799, 1994.        Google Scholar

76. Ding, Yu and D. C. Jr. Munson, "A fast back-projection algorithm for bistatic SAR imaging," International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 2, Rochester, NY, USA, 2002.

77. Naghibi, Atefeh and Amir Reza Attari, "Near-field radar-based microwave imaging for breast cancer detection: A study on resolution and image quality," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 69, No. 3, 1670-1680, 2021.        Google Scholar

78. Zheng, Zhijie, Jun Pan, Zhikang Ni, Cheng Shi, Shengbo Ye, and Guangyou Fang, "Human posture reconstruction for through-the-wall radar imaging using convolutional neural networks," IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Vol. 19, 1-5, 2021.        Google Scholar

79. Ahmed, Shahzad and Sung Ho Cho, "Machine learning for healthcare radars: Recent progresses in human vital sign measurement and activity recognition," IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, Vol. 26, No. 1, 461-495, 2023.        Google Scholar

80. Waqar, Sahil, Muhammad Muaaz, and Matthias Pätzold, "Direction-independent human activity recognition using a distributed MIMO radar system and deep learning," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 23, No. 20, 24916-24929, 2023.        Google Scholar

81. Zhao, Peijun, Chris Xiaoxuan Lu, Bing Wang, Niki Trigoni, and Andrew Markham, "Cubelearn: End-to-end learning for human motion recognition from raw mmWave radar signals," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 10, No. 12, 10236-10249, 2023.        Google Scholar

82. Gui, Shuliang, Jin Li, Feng Zuo, and Yiming Pi, "Analysis of security imaging method for walking human screening with single channel synthetic aperture radar," IEEE Access, Vol. 7, 111363-111374, 2019.        Google Scholar

83. Li, Zhi, Tian Jin, Xikun Hu, Yongkun Song, Jianwen Zhang, and Zhenqun Sang, "Remote respiratory and cardiac motion patterns separation with 4D imaging radars," IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Vol. 27, No. 6, 2717-2728, 2023.        Google Scholar

84. Liang, Fulai, Hao Lou, Yang Zhang, Hao Lv, Xiao Yu, Qiang An, Zhao Li, and Jianqi Wang, "Through-the-wall high-dimensional imaging of human vital signs by combining multiple enhancement algorithms using portable LFMCW-MIMO radar," Measurement, Vol. 195, 111074, 2022.        Google Scholar

85. Feng, Chen, Xiaonan Jiang, Min-Gyo Jeong, Hong Hong, Chang-Hong Fu, Xiaohui Yang, E. Wang, Xiaohua Zhu, and Xiaoguang Liu, "Multitarget vital signs measurement with chest motion imaging based on MIMO radar," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 69, No. 11, 4735-4747, 2021.        Google Scholar

86. Sakamoto, Takuya and Takato Koda, "Respiratory motion imaging using 2.4-GHz nine-element-array continuous-wave radar," IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 30, No. 7, 717-720, 2020.        Google Scholar

87. Razzicchia, Eleonora, Pan Lu, Wei Guo, Olympia Karadima, Ioannis Sotiriou, Navid Ghavami, Efthymios Kallos, George Palikaras, and Panagiotis Kosmas, "Metasurface-enhanced antennas for microwave brain imaging," Diagnostics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 424, 2021.        Google Scholar

88. Yoya, Ariel Christopher Tondo, Benjamin Fuchs, Cecile Leconte, and Matthieu Davy, "A reconfigurable chaotic cavity with fluorescent lamps for microwave computational imaging," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 165, 1-12, 2019.        Google Scholar

89. Zhang, Hongrui, Hengxin Ruan, Hanting Zhao, Zhuo Wang, Shengguo Hu, Tie Jun Cui, Philipp Del Hougne, and Lianlin Li, "Microwave speech recognizer empowered by a programmable metasurface," Advanced Science, Vol. 11, No. 17, 2309826, 2024.        Google Scholar

90. Darvazehban, Amin, Sasan Ahdi Rezaeieh, Ali Zamani, and Amin M. Abbosh, "Pattern reconfigurable metasurface antenna for electromagnetic torso imaging," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 67, No. 8, 5453-5462, 2019.        Google Scholar

91. Li, Lianlin, Hengxin Ruan, Che Liu, Ying Li, Ya Shuang, Andrea Alù, Cheng-Wei Qiu, and Tie Jun Cui, "Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager," Nature Communications, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1082, 2019.        Google Scholar

92. Beneck, Ryan J., Arkaprovo Das, Galestan Mackertich-Sengerdy, Ryan J. Chaky, Yuhao Wu, Saber Soltani, and Douglas Werner, "Reconfigurable antennas: A review of recent progress and future prospects for next generation (Invited Paper)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 171, 89-121, 2021.        Google Scholar

93. Xue, Jincheng, Guolong Wang, Shuman Li, Zhuopeng Wang, and Quanquan Liang, "A metamaterial based dual-band UWB antenna design for 5G applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 127, 85-92, 2024.        Google Scholar

94. Schmidt, Rita, Alexey Slobozhanyuk, Pavel Belov, and Andrew Webb, "Flexible and compact hybrid metasurfaces for enhanced ultra high field in vivo magnetic resonance imaging," Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1678, 2017.        Google Scholar

95. Issa, Ismail, Kenneth Lee Ford, Madhwesha Rao, and Jim M. Wild, "A magnetic resonance imaging surface coil transceiver employing a metasurface for 1.5T applications," IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1085-1093, 2020.        Google Scholar

96. Zhao, Xiaoguang, Guangwu Duan, Ke Wu, Stephan W. Anderson, and Xin Zhang, "Intelligent metamaterials based on nonlinearity for magnetic resonance imaging," Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, No. 49, 1905461, 2019.        Google Scholar

97. Puchnin, Viktor, Georgiy Solomakha, Anton Nikulin, Arthur W. Magill, Anna Andreychenko, and Alena Shchelokova, "Metamaterial inspired wireless coil for clinical breast imaging," Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 322, 106877, 2021.        Google Scholar

98. Lippke, Marius, Endri Stoja, Dennis Philipp, Simon Konstandin, Jürgen Jenne, Thomas Bertuch, and Matthias Günther, "Investigation of a digitally-reconfigurable metasurface for magnetic resonance imaging," 2022 52nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC), 668-671, Milan, Italy, 2022.

99. Padilla, Willie J. and Richard D. Averitt, "Imaging with metamaterials," Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 4, No. 2, 85-100, 2022.        Google Scholar

100. Karadima, Olympia, Eleonora Razzicchia, and Panagiotis Kosmas, "Image improvement through metamaterial technology for brain stroke detection," 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1-4, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2020.

101. Mood, Yugender and Ramasamy Pandeeswari, "Complementary folded line metamaterial loaded MIMO antenna for S-band applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 150, 145-155, 2024.        Google Scholar

102. Cheng, Yongzhi, Wangyang Li, and Xuesong Mao, "Triple-band polarization angle independent 90° polarization rotator based on Fermat's spiral structure planar chiral metamaterial," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 165, 35-45, 2019.        Google Scholar

103. Hossain, Kabir, Thennarasan Sabapathy, Muzammil Jusoh, Shen-Han Lee, Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman, and Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin, "Negative index metamaterial-based frequency-reconfigurable textile CPW antenna for microwave imaging of breast cancer," Sensors, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1626, 2022.        Google Scholar

104. Bakhtiari, Sasan, Shaolin Liao, Thomas Elmer, and A. C. Raptis, "A real-time heart rate analysis for a remote millimeter wave IQ sensor," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 58, No. 6, 1839-1845, 2011.        Google Scholar

105. Bakhtiari, Sasan, Thomas W. Elmer, Nicholas M. Cox, Nachappa Gopalsami, Appostolos C. Raptis, Shaolin Liao, Ilya Mikhelson, and Alan V. Sahakian, "Compact millimeter-wave sensor for remote monitoring of vital signs," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 61, No. 3, 830-841, 2012.        Google Scholar

106. Yarovoy, A. G., L. P. Ligthart, J. Matuzas, and B. Levitas, "UWB radar for human being detection," IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 3, 10-14, 2006.        Google Scholar

107. Chen, V. C., F. Li, S.-S. Ho, and H. Wechsler, "Micro-Doppler effect in radar: Phenomenon, model, and simulation study," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 42, No. 1, 2-21, 2006.        Google Scholar

108. Zheng, Zhijie, Jun Pan, Zhikang Ni, Cheng Shi, Diankun Zhang, Xiaojun Liu, and Guangyou Fang, "Recovering human pose and shape from through-the-wall radar images," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 60, 1-15, 2022.        Google Scholar

109. Sun, Hongbo, Lek Guan Chia, and Sirajudeen Gulam Razul, "Through-wall human sensing with WiFi passive radar," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 57, No. 4, 2135-2148, 2021.        Google Scholar

110. Zheng, Zhijie, Diankun Zhang, Xiao Liang, Xiaojun Liu, and Guangyou Fang, "RadarFormer: End-to-end human perception with through-wall radar and transformers," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, Vol. 35, No. 12, 18285-18299, 2023.        Google Scholar

111. Erol, Baris and Moeness G. Amin, "Radar data cube processing for human activity recognition using multisubspace learning," IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 55, No. 6, 3617-3628, 2019.        Google Scholar

112. Li, Xinyu, Yuan He, Francesco Fioranelli, and Xiaojun Jing, "Semisupervised human activity recognition with radar micro-Doppler signatures," IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 60, 1-12, 2021.        Google Scholar

113. Mikhelson, Ilya V., Sasan Bakhtiari, Thomas W. Elmer II, Shaolin Liao, and Alan V. Sahakian, "Remote sensing of heart rate using millimeter-wave interferometry and probabilistic interpolation," Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology X, Vol. 8719, 114-128, 2013.

114. Liao, Shaolin, N. Gopalsami, S. Bakhtiari, T. Elmer, and A. C. Raptis, "A novel interferometric millimeter wave Doppler radar architecture," 2013 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC), 387-391, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2013.

115. Zito, Domenico, Domenico Pepe, Martina Mincica, Fabio Zito, Alessandro Tognetti, Antonio Lanata, and Danilo De Rossi, "SoC CMOS UWB pulse radar sensor for contactless respiratory rate monitoring," IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, Vol. 5, No. 6, 503-510, 2011.        Google Scholar

116. Paul, Anindya S. and Eric A. Wan, "RSSI-based indoor localization and tracking using sigma-point Kalman smoothers," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Vol. 3, No. 5, 860-873, 2009.        Google Scholar

117. Ren, Yili, Zi Wang, Yichao Wang, Sheng Tan, Yingying Chen, and Jie Yang, "GoPose: 3D human pose estimation using WiFi," Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1-25, 2022.        Google Scholar

118. Wang, Zhongqin, J. Andrew Zhang, Min Xu, and Y. Jay Guo, "Single-target real-time passive WiFi tracking," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 22, No. 6, 3724-3742, 2023.        Google Scholar

119. Venkatnarayan, Raghav H., Muhammad Shahzad, Sangki Yun, Christina Vlachou, and Kyu-Han Kim, "Leveraging polarization of WiFi signals to simultaneously track multiple people," Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1-24, Jun. 2020.        Google Scholar

120. Ali, Kamran, Mohammed Alloulah, Fahim Kawsar, and Alex X. Liu, "On goodness of WiFi based monitoring of sleep vital signs in the wild," IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 22, No. 1, 341-355, 2021.        Google Scholar

121. Zeng, Youwei, Dan Wu, Jie Xiong, Jinyi Liu, Zhaopeng Liu, and Daqing Zhang, "MultiSense: Enabling multi-person respiration sensing with commodity WiFi," Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1-29, Sep. 2020.        Google Scholar

122. Wang, Xuyu, Chao Yang, and Shiwen Mao, "On CSI-based vital sign monitoring using commodity WiFi," ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1-27, 2020.        Google Scholar

123. Moghaddam, Majid Ghosian, Ali Asghar Nazari Shirehjini, and Shervin Shirmohammadi, "A WiFi-based method for recognizing fine-grained multiple-subject human activities," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 72, 1-13, 2023.        Google Scholar

124. Natarajan, Anisha, Vijayakumar Krishnasamy, and Munesh Singh, "A machine learning approach to passive human motion detection using WiFi measurements from commodity IoT devices," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 72, 1-10, 2023.        Google Scholar

125. Yi, Enze, Dan Wu, Jie Xiong, Fusang Zhang, Kai Niu, Wenwei Li, and Daqing Zhang, "BFMSense: WiFi sensing using beamforming feedback matrix," 21st USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI 24), 1697-1712, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2024.

126. Shao, Siyuan, Min Fan, Chen Yu, Yan Li, Xiaodong Xu, and Haiming Wang, "Machine learning-assisted sensing techniques for integrated communications and sensing in WLANs: Current status and future directions (Invited)," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 175, 45-79, 2022.        Google Scholar

127. Khan, Sagheer, Aaesha Alzaabi, Zafar Iqbal, Tharmalingam Ratnarajah, and Tughrul Arslan, "A novel Digital Twin (DT) model based on WiFi CSI, signal processing and machine learning for patient respiration monitoring and decision-support," IEEE Access, Vol. 11, 103554-103568, 2023.        Google Scholar

128. Liu, Zijuan, Xiulong Liu, Jiuwu Zhang, and Keqiu Li, "Opportunities and challenges of wireless human sensing for the smart IoT world: A survey," IEEE Network, Vol. 33, No. 5, 104-110, 2019.        Google Scholar

129. Dang, Qi, Jianqin Yin, Bin Wang, and Wenqing Zheng, "Deep learning based 2D human pose estimation: A survey," Tsinghua Science and Technology, Vol. 24, No. 6, 663-676, 2019.        Google Scholar

130. Zhao, Mingmin, Tianhong Li, Mohammad Abu Alsheikh, Yonglong Tian, Hang Zhao, Antonio Torralba, and Dina Katabi, "Through-wall human pose estimation using radio signals," 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 7356-7365, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 2018.

131. Chen, Yi-Chung, Zhi-Kai Huang, Lu Pang, Jian-Yu Jiang-Lin, Chia-Han Kuo, Hong-Han Shuai, and Wen-Huang Cheng, "Seeing the unseen: WiFi-based 2D human pose estimation via an evolving attentive spatial-frequency network," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 171, 21-27, 2023.        Google Scholar

132. Yan, Kangwei, Fei Wang, Bo Qian, Han Ding, Jinsong Han, and Xing Wei, "Person-in-WiFi 3D: End-to-end multi-person 3D pose estimation with Wi-Fi," 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 969-978, Seattle, WA, USA, 2024.

133. Li, Xiang, Daqing Zhang, Qin Lv, Jie Xiong, Shengjie Li, Yue Zhang, and Hong Mei, "IndoTrack: Device-free indoor human tracking with commodity Wi-Fi," Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1-22, 2017.        Google Scholar

134. Qian, Kun, Chenshu Wu, Yi Zhang, Guidong Zhang, Zheng Yang, and Yunhao Liu, "Widar2.0: Passive human tracking with a single Wi-Fi link," Proceedings of the 16th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, 350-361, Munich, Germany, 2018.

135. Tan, Sheng, Linghan Zhang, Zi Wang, and Jie Yang, "MultiTrack: Multi-user tracking and activity recognition using commodity WiFi," CHI'19: Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1-12, Glasgow, Scotland, UK, 2019.

136. Soto, Julio C. H., Iandra Galdino, Egberto Caballero, Vinicius Ferreira, Débora Muchaluat-Saade, and Célio Albuquerque, "A survey on vital signs monitoring based on Wi-Fi CSI data," Computer Communications, Vol. 195, 99-110, 2022.        Google Scholar

137. Liu, Jian, Yingying Chen, Yan Wang, Xu Chen, Jerry Cheng, and Jie Yang, "Monitoring vital signs and postures during sleep using WiFi signals," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, 2071-2084, 2018.        Google Scholar

138. Singh, Anuradha, Saeed Ur Rehman, Sira Yongchareon, and Peter Han Joo Chong, "Multi-resident non-contact vital sign monitoring using radar: A review," IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, 4061-4084, 2020.        Google Scholar

139. Ma, Qian, Che Liu, Qiang Xiao, Ze Gu, Xinxin Gao, Lianlin Li, and Tie Jun Cui, "Information metasurfaces and intelligent metasurfaces," Photonics Insights, Vol. 1, No. 1, R01-R01, 2022.        Google Scholar

140. Li, Xinyu, Jian Wei You, Ze Gu, Qian Ma, Jingyuan Zhang, Long Chen, and Tie Jun Cui, "Multiperson detection and vital-sign sensing empowered by space-time-coding reconfigurable intelligent surfaces," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 11, No. 17, 28169-28183, 2024.        Google Scholar

141. Li, Dongxia, Fangrong Hu, Haipeng Zhang, Zhencheng Chen, Gaoxiang Huang, Fang Tang, Shangjun Lin, Yingchang Zou, and Yuan Zhou, "Identification of early-stage cervical cancer tissue using metamaterial terahertz biosensor with two resonant absorption frequencies," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1-7, 2021.        Google Scholar

142. Lin, Shangjun, Xinlong Xu, Fangrong Hu, Zhencheng Chen, Yuanli Wang, Longhui Zhang, Zhenyun Peng, Dongxia Li, Lizhen Zeng, Ying Chen, and Zhiyou Wang, "Using antibody modified terahertz metamaterial biosensor to detect concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1-7, 2020.        Google Scholar

143. Upender, Patri and Amarjit Kumar, "Highly sensitive tunable dual-band THz refractive-based metamaterial sensor for biosensing applications," IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 51, No. 10, 3258-3264, 2023.        Google Scholar

144. Li, Zhi, Tian Jin, Dongfang Guan, and Hantao Xu, "MetaPhys: Contactless physiological sensing of multiple subjects using RIS-based 4-D radar," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, Vol. 10, No. 14, 12616-12626, 2023.        Google Scholar

145. Xia, Dexiao, Lei Guan, Haixia Liu, Yajie Mu, Xin Wang, Jiaqi Han, Yan Shi, and Long Li, "MetaBreath: Multitarget respiration detection based on space-time-coding digital metasurface," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 72, No. 2, 1433-1443, 2023.        Google Scholar

146. Wang, Zhuo, Hongrui Zhang, Hanting Zhao, Shengguo Hu, Tie Jun Cui, and Lianlin Li, "Multi-task and multi-scale intelligent electromagnetic sensing with distributed multi-frequency reprogrammable metasurfaces," Advanced Optical Materials, Vol. 12, No. 6, 2203153, 2024.        Google Scholar

147. Liu, Guo Dong, Wang Sheng Hu, Wen Ying Hou, Sheng Jie Huang, Du Ming Cao, Hai Peng Wang, Yu Xuan Zhou, Fei He, and Yun Bo Li, "Indoor positioning and posture recognition of human body applying integrating-type intelligent metasurfaces based sensing system," Advanced Materials Technologies, Vol. 8, No. 22, 2301006, 2023.        Google Scholar