2025-12-24 Latest Published
By Manish Kumar
Sandeep Kumar Singh
Madhukar Deshmukh
Siti Nor Farhana Yusuf
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 164, 15-26, 2026
Abstract
This work presents a compact coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed super wideband (SWB) antenna realized on a low-cost FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4, thickness = 1.6 mm). The 20 × 20 mm2 radiator integrates a multi-slotted patch within a hexagonal ground plane aperture and a carefully optimized tuning stub that excites and merges multiple resonances into a continuous broadband response. The antenna achieves a measured |S11| ≤ -10 dB impedance bandwidth from 2 to 34 GHz (177.7%), encompassing sub-6 GHz 5G, WLAN/WiMAX, and millimeter wave (Ku/Ka) allocations. Radiation measurements reveal quasi-omnidirectional patterns with a peak gain of 6.60 dB and maximum radiation efficiency of 82.68%. Time-domain analysis demonstrates an almost constant group delay (approximately 0.1 to 0.5 ns, mean 0.19 ns) with a single localized deviation near 24.4 GHz, confirming low dispersion and excellent phase linearity, which are desirable for IR-UWB and high data rate communication systems. Parametric optimization and equivalent RLC circuit modeling validate the broadband mechanism, while simulation studies performed using CST Microwave Studio exhibit excellent agreement with experimental results. The proposed design therefore offers a cost-effective, compact, and high-performance antenna solution suitable for 5G/6G front ends, radar imaging, and broadband sensing applications.
