PIER | PIER Journals

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 301-333, 2004

download: 197

Pulse Compression Using a Periodically Dielectric Loaded Dispersive Waveguide

Efstratios Thirios , Dimitra Kaklamani and Nikolaos Uzunoglu

The study of periodically dielectric-slab-loaded TE10 waveguide structures of conductive walls and finite length is carried out by using wave analysis techniques.The principal aim is to design and construct a highly dispersive waveguide keeping losses to a minimum. Passing a properly frequency modulated wave through this waveguide, pulse compression phenomena take place. Frequency modulated waves, incident to a finite length periodic loaded waveguide, are studied.The aim is to achieve optimum pulse compression, by taking into account all wave phenomena involved. In order to minimize the reflected (at the input) and maximize the transmitted (at the output) waves of the compressor structure, a staggered-tapered structure of dielectric slabs inside the waveguide is utilized to match the incident waves. The slab longitudinal discontinuity nature prevents the appearance of field singularity points that could hinder the operation of the compression mechanism. An exact Fourier analysis is carried out to compute the compressed wave field intensities.Optimization techniques are used to achieve the best compression and matching conditions for various realistic dielectric materials, having permittivities εr in the range of 9 to 36 and loss factors tan(δ) in the range of 0.01 to 0.00001. Experimental results, obtained by carrying out measurements on prototype waveguide structures, built in our laboratory, present pulse compression phenomena, but do not show good agreement with theory.

PULSE COMPRESSION USING A PERIODICALLY DIELECTRIC LOADED DISPERSIVE WAVEGUIDE

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 279-299, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04032501

download: 203

Fast Converging and Widely Applicable Formulation of the Differential Theory for Anisotropic Gratings

Koki Watanabe

The differential method for arbitrary profiled onedimensional gratings made of anisotropic media is reformulated by taking into account Li's Fourier factorization rules [10] though the present formulation uses the intuitive Laurent rule only. The study concerns arbitrary profiled gratings with both types of electric and magnetic anisotropy, and includes the case of lossy materials. Diffraction efficiencies computed by the present formulation are compared with previous ones, and numerical results show that convergence of the present formulation is superior to the conventional one and comparable convergence with the previous works based on Li's rules.

FAST CONVERGING AND WIDELY APPLICABLE FORMULATION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL THEORY FOR ANISOTROPIC GRATINGS

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 249-278, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04031502

download: 180

Non-Relativistic Scattering by Time-Varying Bodies and Media

Dan Censor

We are interested in first order v/c velocity effects in scattering problems involving motion of media and scatterers. Previously constant velocities have been considered for scattering by cylindrical and spherical configurations. Presently time-varying motion - specifically harmonic oscillation - is investigated. A firstorder quasi-Lorentz transformation is introduced heuristically, in order to establish relations to existing exact Special-Relativistic results. We then consider simple problems of plane interfaces, normal incidence, and uniform motion, in order to introduce the model: Starting with an interface moving with respect to the medium in which the excitation wave is introduced, then considering the problem of an interface at rest and a moving medium contained in a half space. The latter corresponds to a Fizeau experiment configuration. Afterwards these configurations are considered for harmonic motion. This provides the method for dealing with the corresponding problems of scattering by a circular cylinder, involving harmonic motion. The present formalism provides a systematic approach for solving scattering problems in the presence of time-varying media and boundaries.

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 233-248, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04022303

download: 178

Design of Wideband Triangle Slot Antennas with Tuning Stub

Abdelnasser Eldek , Atef Elsherbeni and Charles Smith

This paper presents a novel design of a triangle slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide. The antenna consists of a symmetric triangle slot tuned by a metal stub and slot hat. The antenna exhibits a wide bandwidth of 57% for X-band frequencies with an average gain of 4.5 dB and cross polarization level of âˆ’10 dB. In addition to being small in size, the coupling between the two elements of this type antenna is in the order of âˆ’15 dB or less, which makes it a good candidate for a phased array system. A linear array of 8- elements is simulated and results indicated that a steering angle of 50^â—¦ is attainable without grating lobes.

DESIGN OF WIDEBAND TRIANGLE SLOT ANTENNAS WITH TUNING STUB

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 201-231, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04021101

download: 218

Bateman Conformal Transformations Within the Framework of the Bidirectional Spectral Representation

Ioannis Besieris , Amr Shaarawi and Ahmed Attiya

Four-dimensional conformal transformations due originally to Bateman have been used in the past by Hillion as alternative approaches to focus wave mode solutions to the 3D scalar wave equation. More recently, more extended families of focus wave mode solutions to the 3D scalar wave equation have been derived by Borisov and Utkin, as well as Kiselev, based on Bateman transformations together with a dimension-reduction approach, whereby the wave function is separated incompletely into a product of two functions. One particular goal in this exposition is to comment on and extend the work of Borisov and Utkin and simplify and extend the method used by Kiselev. More generally, however, the aim is to show that an already existing method, known as the bidirectional spectral representation, when examined in conjunction with Bateman conformal transformations, encompasses the Borisov-Utkin-Kiselev theories as special cases and allows a systematic derivation of extended families of FWM-type localized waves beyond the ranges of their applicability.

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 185-200, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER03110701

download: 213

A Multi-Source Strategy Based on a Learning-by-Examples Technique for Buried Object Detection

Emanuela Bermani , Andrea Boni , Salvatore Caorsi , Massimo Donelli and Andrea Massa

In the framework of buried object detection and subsurface sensing, some of the main difficulties in the reconstruction process are certainly due to the aspect-limited nature of available measurement data and to the requirement of an on-line reconstruction. To limit these problems, a multi-source (MS) learning-by-example (LBE) technique is proposed in this paper. In order to fully exploit the more attractive features of the MS strategy, the proposed approach is based on a support vector machine (SVM). The effectiveness of the MS-LBE technique is evaluated by comparing the achieved results with those obtained by means of a previously developed single-source (SS) SVMbased procedure for an ideal as well as a noisy environment.

A MULTI-SOURCE STRATEGY BASED ON A LEARNING-BY-EXAMPLES TECHNIQUE FOR BURIED OBJECT DETECTION

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 145-184, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04020501

download: 865

Space-Time Reversal Symmetry Properties of Electromagnetic Green's Tensors for Complex and Bianisotropic Media

Victor A. Dmitriev

Space-Time reversal symmetry properties of free-Space electromagnetic Green's tensors for complex and bianisotropic homogeneous media are discussed. These properties are defined by symmetry of the medium under consideration, of the point sources and of the vector S connecting the source and the point of observation. The constraints imposed on Green's tensors by the restricted Time reversal, by the center and anticenter of symmetry are independent on the vector S orientation. Other Space-Time reversal operators lead to constraints on Green's tensors only for some special directions in Space. These directions are along the (anti)axes and (anti)planes and normal to the (anti)axes and (anti)planes. The full system of the continuous magnetic point groups for description of Space-Time reversal symmetry of Green's tensors is defined and a general group-theoretical method for calculation of simplified forms of Green's tensors is presented.

SPACE-TIME REVERSAL SYMMETRY PROPERTIES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC GREEN'S TENSORS FOR COMPLEX AND BIANISOTROPIC MEDIA

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 125-144, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04012202

download: 211

A Novel Evolutionary Learning Technique for Multi-Objective Array Antenna Optimization

Yee Hui Lee , Brian Cahill , Stuart Porter and Andrew Marvin

In this paper, a neural network is used to implement an optimized objective function for a genetic algorithm (GA) for application on array antenna design optimization. Traditional GAs are inefficient because a large amount of data that describes the problem space is discarded after each generation. Using the neural network enhanced genetic algorithm (NNEGA), this redundant information is fed back into the GA's objective function via the neural network. The neural network learns the optimal weights of the objective function by identifying trends and optimizing weights depending on the knowledge that it accumulates in-situ. The NNEGA is successfully applied to challenging array antenna design problems. This use of neural network to optimize a multi-objective function for the GA is a new idea that is different from other hybridization of GA and NN.

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 85-123, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04011303

download: 181

Perturbations of Dispersion-Managed Optical Solitons

Anjan Biswas

This paper studies the propagation of solitons through an optical fiber, with strong dispersion-management in presence of perturbation terms. The adiabatic parameter dynamics of the solitons in presence of such perturbation terms have been obtained by using the variational principle. In particular, the Gaussian and super-Gaussian pulses have been considered.

PERTURBATIONS OF DISPERSION-MANAGED OPTICAL SOLITONS

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 67-83, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER03122302

download: 919

The Electromagnetic-Wave Propagation through a Stratified Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Medium

Fridrikh G. Bass and L. Resnick

The electromagnetic-wave propagation through a medium consisting of two dielectric half-spaces with a plate in between, has been investigated. The half-spaces are isotropic with their dielectric permittivity depending only on the z coordinate. The plate is anisotropic, and the components of its dielectric permittivity tensor are also z-dependent. For the first time, the sufficient conditions allowing the transformation of the system of Maxwell's equations into two independent equations, are ascertained. For an arbitrary z-dependence of the dielectric permittivity, the plate's reflectance and transmittance coefficients are obtained, this result being a generalization of the Fresnel formulas. We have considered both determinate and random dependences of the dielectric permittivity on the z-coordinate, and the plate's full-transparency conditions are specified. For a statistically inhomogeneous plate, the conditions of its full opacity are formulated. The Faraday effect in such a medium is studied. The influence of the medium's inhomogeneity on the temporal rotation of the polarization plane of a propagating wave has been demonstrated.

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 45-66, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04040601

download: 267

Symmetry Relations of the Translation Coefficients of the Spherical Scalar and Vector Multipole Fields

Kristopher Kim

We offer symmetry relations of the translation coefficients of the spherical scalar and vector multi-pole fields. These relations reduce the computational cost of evaluating and storing the translation coefficients and can be used to check the accuracy of their computed values. The symmetry relations investigated herein include not only those considered earlier for real wavenumbers by Peterson and StrÃ¶m [9], but also the respective symmetries that arise when the translation vector is reflected about the xy-, yz-, and zx-planes. In addition, the symmetry relations presented in this paper are valid for complex wavenumbers and are given in a form suitable for exploitation in numerical applications.

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 27-44, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER03120304

download: 209

Electromagnetic Imaging for an Imperfectly Conducting Cylinder Buried in a Three-Layer Structure by the Genetic Algorithm

Yu-Shu Lee , Chien-Ching Chiu and Yi-Shiuan Lin

The imaging of an imperfectly conducting cylinder buried in a three-layer structure by the genetic algorithm is investigated. An imperfectly conducting cylinder of unknown shape and conductivity buriedin the secondla yer scatters the incident wave from the first layer or the thirdla yer. We measure the scatteredfieldin the first andthird layers. Based on the boundary condition and the recorded scattered field, a set of nonlinear integral equations is derived and the imaging problem is reformulatedin to an optimization problem. The genetic algorithm is then employedto findout the global extreme solution of the cost function. Numerical results demonstrated that, even when the initial guess is far away from the exact one, goodreconstruction can be obtained. In such a case, the gradient-based methods often get trapped in a local extreme. In addition, the effect of uniform noise on the reconstruction is investigated.

ELECTROMAGNETIC IMAGING FOR AN IMPERFECTLY CONDUCTING CYLINDER BURIED IN A THREE-LAYER STRUCTURE BY THE GENETIC ALGORITHM

2004-06-22

PIER

Vol. 48, 1-25, 2004

doi:10.2528/PIER04031503

download: 226

Propagators and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves in Planar Bianisotropic Slabs - an Application to Frequency Selective Structures

Gerhard Kristensson , Soren Poulsen and Sten Rikte

Scattering by planar geometries with plane metal inclusions are analysed. The metal inclusions can be of arbitrary shape,and the material of the supporting slabs can be any linear (bianisotropic) material. We employ the method of propagators to find the solution of the scattering problem. The method has certain similarities with a vector generalisation of the transmission line theory. A general relation between the electric fields and the surface current densities on the metal inclusions and the exciting fields is found. Special attention is paid to the case of a periodic metal pattern (frequency selective structures,FSS). The method is illustrated by a series of numerical computations.